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孤陋寡闻的我不知道有这个节日

马惠娣

(2023年5月6日)

 

5月4日浏览美国驻中国大使馆微信公众号,其中一条消息是“拜登总统在纪念世界新闻自由日(World Press Freedom Day 30周年之际,向所有勇敢地寻求事实真相的新闻工作者、新闻记者和媒体工作者致敬。

什么时候有了世界新闻自由日 World Press Freedom Day ?谁是始俑者?是米国释放的“幺蛾子”?……一瞬间,脑中冒出来一大堆疑问。

我不是新闻工作者,为什么要对“世界新闻自由日”产生求知欲?

其实,早在上个世纪七十年代初,我先后在工厂和长春应化所担任宣传干事、吉林日报通讯员,定期地参加“宣传员培训班”。当时毕业于北京大学历史系的刘俊文老师(文革结束后调回北大)给我们上课,讲解通讯员写作基本知识。很早就知道了新闻工作者的责任、使命与担当。

来到北京后,知道中国人民大学新闻系最棒,当时最有名的是甘惜分教授,很快看到他的《新闻理论基础讲义》(当时是给学生上课的讲稿)。至今仍记得他讲解新闻的本质是“写真事、说真话、讲真理;传民情、达民意、呼民声”,“宁为真理下跪,不向谬论低头”。也讲过他的名字的寓意“惜时每一分钟”要“白日读经晚读史”。这两点影响了我的人生和学术品格。这是我与新闻学的一点点交集史,日后与新闻界的朋友们也多有往来。

近些年随着互联网、多媒体、自媒体的崛起,新闻几乎成为日常生活的“头盘菜”,却日渐良莠不齐,频频出现新闻中的“劣币驱良币”现象;新闻工作者的职业操守、道德伦理、执笔为剑、铁肩道义、寻求真理、找出真相,以及新闻的“现场”与“在场”都受到了极大的挑战。更为令人大跌眼镜的是,有些新闻居然可以没有时间、地点(现场)、或只有因没有果、或只有果没有因,甚至移花接木、文不对题、哗众取宠,等等不一而足。不论是官媒还是私媒都有这个问题。时代和技术再怎么变化,新闻的本质不能变吧!

作为一个人文学者,拥有“新闻工作者的品质”是不可或缺的教养和素养,但同样面对挑战和危机。基于这些理念,我对不知道“世界新闻自由日”(World Press Freedom Day)感到羞愧。

我赶紧寻根溯源,给自己补补课。为了可靠,上联合国网站查一查!下面是联合国网站提供的内容:

https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/world-press-freedom-day-2023

 

 

 

“塑造权利的未来:言论自由是所有其他人权的驱动力”

2023年是世界新闻自由日30周年。自1993年宣布以来,三十年过去了,在这三十年里,我们看到在世界各地实现新闻自由和言论自由方面取得了实质性进展。许多国家独立媒体的激增和数字技术的兴起使信息得以自由流动。然而,媒体自由、记者安全和言论自由越来越受到攻击,这影响了其他人权的实现。

国际社会面临多重危机:冲突和暴力、导致移民的持续社会经济不平等、环境危机以及对世界各地人民健康和福祉的挑战。与此同时,网上和网下的虚假信息和错误信息激增,对支撑民主、法治和人权的机构产生了严重影响。

正是为了应对这些危急局势和威胁,新闻自由、记者安全和获取信息才成为焦点。《世界人权宣言》第十九条所载的言论自由权是享有所有其他人权的先决条件和驱动力。因此,今年的世界新闻自由日30周年特别庆祝活动呼吁重新强调新闻自由以及独立、多元和多样化的媒体,将其作为享受所有其他人权的关键。

“世界新闻自由日”的起源和目的

根据联合国教科文组织大会的建议,联合国大会于1993年12月宣布了世界新闻自由日。从那时起,5月3日,《温得霍克宣言》(the Declaration of Windhoek)的周年纪念日在全世界被庆祝为世界新闻自由日。

30年后,寻求、传递和接收信息的自由与公共利益之间的历史联系仍然与签署时一样重要。计划在世界新闻自由日国际会议期间举行30周年特别纪念活动。

5月3日提醒各国政府必须尊重他们对新闻自由的承诺。这也是媒体专业人士反思新闻自由和职业道德问题的一天。这是一个机会:

颂扬新闻自由的基本原则;

评估世界各地的新闻自由状况;

保护媒体不受对其独立性的攻击;

    并向因公殉职的记者致敬。

联合国总部的纪念活动

世界新闻自由日30周年纪念活动包括5月2日在联合国总部举行的全天活动。邀请来自媒体、学术界和民间社会的合作伙伴在纽约和世界各地围绕今年的主题组织活动。

2023年5月2日上午10点至下午6点(美国东部时间)在联合国大会厅

2023年5月1-3日其他纽约活动

世界各地的庆祝活动

联合国教科文组织及其合作伙伴正在世界各地组织庆祝活动。登记您的活动,以便将其列入联合国教科文组织的庆祝活动名单。

喔喔哦!知道了,学习了。

 

附原文:

Shaping a Future of Rights: Freedom of expression as a driver for all other human rights

 

2023 year marks the 30th anniversary of World Press Freedom Day. Three decades have passed since it was proclaimed in 1993, in which we have seen substantial progress towards achieving a free press and freedom of expression around the world. The proliferation of independent media in many countries and the rise of digital technologies have enabled the free flow of information. However, media freedom, safety of journalists and freedom of expression are increasingly under attack, which impacts the fulfillment of other human rights.

 

The international community faces multiple crises: conflicts and violence, persistent socio-economic inequalities driving migration, environmental crises and challenges to the health and wellbeing of people all around the world. At the same time, disinformation and misinformation online and offline proliferate, with serious impact on the institutions underpinning democracy, the rule of law and human rights.

 

It is exactly to counter these critical situations and threats, that press freedom, safety of journalists and access to information take centre stage. The right to freedom of expression, enshrined in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, is a prerequisite and a driver to the enjoyment of all other human rights. This year’s Special 30th anniversary celebration of World Press Freedom Day is, therefore, a call to recentre press freedom, as well as independent, pluralistic and diverse media, as key to the enjoyment of all other human rights.

 

Origins and purpose of the Day

 

World Press Freedom Day was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in December 1993, following the recommendation of UNESCO's General Conference. Since then, 3 May, the anniversary of the Declaration of Windhoek is celebrated worldwide as World Press Freedom Day.

 

After 30 years, the historic connection made between the freedom to seek, impart and receive information and the public good remains as relevant as it was at the time of its signing. Special commemorations of the 30th anniversary is planned to take place during World Press Freedom Day International Conference.

 

May 3 acts as a reminder to governments of the need to respect their commitment to press freedom. It is also a day of reflection among media professionals about issues of press freedom and professional ethics. It is an opportunity to:

 

    celebrate the fundamental principles of press freedom;

    assess the state of press freedom throughout the world;

    defend the media from attacks on their independence;

    and pay tribute to journalists who have lost their lives in the line of duty.

 

Observance at UN Headquarters

 

This 30th anniversary edition of World Press Freedom Day includes a full day of activities at UN Headquarters on 2 May. Partners from the media, academia, and civil society are invited to organize events in New York and around the world centered on this year’s theme.

2 May 2023

10 am - 6 pm (EDT)

UN General Assembly Hall - main event

Programme

Speakers

Webcast

1-3 May 2023

Other New York events

Celebrations around the world

 

UNESCO and partners are organizing celebrations around the world. Register your event in order to feature it in UNESCO's list of celebrations.